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Evolution of Fuzzy Sets in Digital Transformation Era
Volume 36, Issue 3 (2025), pp. 589–624
Pub. online: 19 September 2025      Type: Research Article      Open accessOpen Access
Received
1 May 2025
Accepted
1 September 2025
Published
19 September 2025

Abstract

Nowadays, it is agreed that fuzzy sets are suitable for capturing and representing the concept of vagueness and uncertainty, and various fuzzy reasoning systems are being developed based on them. Researchers have proposed fuzzy set extensions to improve the performance and accuracy of these systems. The research questions arise regarding how fuzzy sets have evolved and what the main trends in their evolution are. To address these questions, our research presents a chronological and bibliometric analysis of fuzzy sets based on papers extracted from the Web of Science database. The main findings and contributions have been identified, systematized and visualized in a fuzzy set keyword map of 65 fuzzy set extensions. These extensions are primarily used for decision-making, reasoning, and prediction, particularly in the context of digital transformation, by integrating digital technologies into all areas of business, transforming operations and enhancing value delivery to customers. As organisations increasingly adopt digital technologies, the need for robust frameworks to manage uncertainty becomes critical. The main trends indicating the directions of fuzzy sets development, an overview of the variety and popularity of fuzzy sets over the years, and the impact of countries engaged in fuzzy set research are also identified and reported. The results support researchers and practitioners working on fuzzy sets and their applications by providing valuable insights into the fuzzy set topic, its existing extensions, and, more generally, to any field of investigation where fuzzy sets are relevant, particularly in the realm of digital transformation.

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Biographies

Miliauskaitė Jolanta
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-3499
jolanta.miliauskaite@mif.vu.lt

J. Miliauskaitė is a researcher, assoc. prof. at Vilnius University (Lithuania) Institute of Data Science and Digital Technologies Department of Cyber-Social Systems Engineering Group. She defended her PhD in technological sciences, informatics engineering at Vilnius University (2015). Her research interests include enterprise business services, web service composition, conceptual modelling, quality of service modelling and evaluation in service-oriented enterprise systems, fuzzy theory applications, artificial intelligence (AI) application in requirements engineering, multi-criteria decision making, systematic literature review, and bibliometric analysis. She is a co-author over 30 research papers in the field of Computer Sciences, participate in the EU projects, actively is involved in scientific, program and organising committees of international conferences.

Kalibatiene Diana
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1317-6561
diana.kalibatiene@vilniustech.lt

D. Kalibatiene PhD, prof. dr., professor at the Department of Information Systems, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. She defended her PhD in informatics engineering, technological sciences at 2009. She is a co-author over 100 research papers and two books. Her research interests include business rules, ontology-based information systems development, conceptual modelling, dynamic business process modelling and simulation, multi-criteria decision making, fuzzy theory application in quality planning, systematic literature review, and bibliometric analysis. She actively participates in the Erasmus+ teacher mobility programme, giving lectures at various European universities. She supervises PhD students and participates in PhD defence committees. A coordinator of the Erasmus+ KA220-HED project “RAD-Skills” (2022—2024), a coordinator of the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT) funded scientific project “Artificial intelligence and multimodal data fusion system for assessing and detecting fraud in applicants’ videos” (FAIR-VID) (2025–2027). From 2022, she is editor-in-chief of the journal New Trends in Computer Sciences. Since 2019, she chairs the Study Programme Committee of the Master’s Programme “Information Systems Software Engineering”.


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Keywords
bibliometrics fuzzy sets uncertainty fuzzy set extension digital transformation artificial intelligence

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