Informatica

Trust is an important factor for successful e-commerce and e-media applications. However, these media inherently disable many ordinary communication channels and means, and affect trust forming factors. Therefore cyber environment requires additional support when it comes to trust. This is also one key reason why computational trust management methods are being developed now for some fifteen years, while another key reason is to enable better decision making through mathematical modeling and simulations in other areas. These methods are grounded on certain premises, which are analyzed in this paper. On this basis, Qualitative assessment dynamics (QAD for short) is presented that complements the above methods. As opposed to other methods, it is aligned with certain principles of human reasoning. Therefore it further extends the scope of other computational trust management technologies that are typically concerned with artificial ways of reasoning, while QAD gives a basis also for applications in ordinary environments where humans are involved. By using this methodology, experimental work will be presented, applied to the area of organizations and human factor management.

The notion of general backlash is introduced where instead of the straight lines determining the upward and downward parts of backlash characteristic general curves are considered. An analytic form of general backlash characteristic description is proposed, which is based on appropriate switching and internal functions. Consequently, this multi-valued mapping is represented by one difference equation. All the parameters in the equation describing this hard nonlinearity are separated; hence the general backlash identification can be solved as a quasi-linear problem using an iterative parameter estimation method with internal variable estimation. Also the identification of cascaded systems consisting of a general input backlash followed by a linear dynamic system is presented. Simulation studies of general backlash identification and that of cascaded systems with general input backlash are included.

The concentration of a substrate in a solution can be measured using amperometric signals of biosensors: in fact the maximum (steady state) current is measured which is calibrated in the units of concentration. Such a simple method is not applicable in the case of several substrates. In the present paper, the problem of evaluation of concentrations of several substrates is tackled by minimizing the discrepancy between the observed and modeled transition processes of the amperometric signal.

The problem of system input selection, dubbed in the literature as Type I Structure Identification problem, is addressed in this paper using an effective novel method. More specifically, the fuzzy curve technique, introduced by Lin and Cunningham (1995), is extended to an advantageous fuzzy surface technique; the latter is used for fast building a coarse model of the system from a subset of the initial candidate inputs. A simple genetic algorithm, enhanced with a local search operator, is used for finding an optimal subset of necessary and sufficient inputs by considering jointly more than one inputs. Extensive simulation results on both artificial data and real world data have demonstrated comparatively the advantages of the proposed method.

The mathematical model and methods of calculation of the layout structure of comparator signal circuits with distributed parameters are presented. The algorithm of computer formulation and solving of equations of transfer functions of comparator circuits is provided. Theoretical substantiation of optimizing the micro‐layout of large‐scale integration circuits of parallel subnanosecond analog‐to‐digital converters (ADC) is proposed.