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Quantified Products: Case Studies, Features and their Design Implications
Volume 34, Issue 4 (2023), pp. 825–845
Pub. online: 12 October 2023      Type: Research Article      Open accessOpen Access
Received
1 December 2022
Accepted
1 October 2023
Published
12 October 2023

Abstract

In many industrial sectors, the current digitalization trend resulted in new products and services that exploit the potential of built-in sensors, actuators, and control systems. The business models related to these products and services usually are data-driven and integrated into digital ecosystems. Quantified products (QP) are a new product category that exploits data of individual product instances and fleets of instances. A quantified product is a product whose instances collect data about themselves that can be measured or, by design, leave traces of data. The QP design has to consider what dependencies exist between the actual product, services related to the product, and the digital ecosystem of the services. By investigating three industrial case studies, the paper contributes to a better understanding of typical features of QP and the implications of these features for the design of products and services. For this purpose, we combine the analysis of features of QP potentially affecting design with an analysis of dependencies between features. The main contributions of the work are (1) three case studies describing QP design and development, (2) a set of recurring features of QPs derived from the cases, and (3) a feature model capturing design dependencies of these features.

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Biographies

Sandkuhl Kurt
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7431-8412
kurt.sandkuhl@uni-rostock.de

K. Sandkuhl is full professor of business information systems at the University of Rostock (Germany). He received a diploma (Dipl.-Inform.) and a PhD (Dr.-Ing.) in computer science from Berlin University of Technology in 1988 and 1994, respectively. Furthermore, he received a Swedish degree as “Docent” (postdoctoral lecturing qualification) from Linköping University in 2005. In 1988–1994, Sandkuhl was associated with the Computer Science Faculty of Berlin, University of Technology, Germany. In 1994–2002, Sandkuhl was associated with Fraunhofer-Institute for Software Engineering and Systems Engineering ISST, Berlin and Dortmund, Germany. In 2002, Sandkuhl joined the School of Engineering at Jönköping University and was responsible for the research group in information engineering from 2002–2010. In 2003–2010, Sandkuhl was the head of Fraunhofer ISST’s project group in information engineering at Jönköping University. In 2010, Sandkuhl was appointed professor of business information systems at the University of Rostock (Germany). Sandkuhl is responsible for the BSc and MSc programs in Business Information Systems at Rostock University. Sandkuhl’s current research interests include fields of enterprise modelling, ontology engineering, digital enterprise architectures, and model-based engineering.


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© 2023 Vilnius University
Open access article under the CC BY license.

Keywords
quantified product feature modelling product design feature dependencies

Funding
Part of the research was funded by the State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern with funds of the European Program for Regional Development, project KIDIRA.

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