Informatica

The Gene Ontology (GO) knowledge base provides a standardized vocabulary of GO terms for describing gene functions and attributes. It consists of three directed acyclic graphs which represent the hierarchical structure of relationships between GO terms. GO terms enable the organization of genes based on their functional attributes by annotating genes to specific GO terms. We propose an information-retrieval derived distance between genes by using their annotations. Four gene sets with causal associations were examined by employing our proposed methodology. As a result, the discovered homogeneous subsets of these gene sets are semantically related, in contrast to comparable works. The relevance of the found clusters can be described with the help of ChatGPT by asking for their biological meaning. The R package BIDistances, readily available on CRAN, empowers researchers to effortlessly calculate the distance for any given gene set.

The paper deals with the analysis of Research and Technology Development (RTD) in the Central European countries and the relation of RTD with economic and social parameters of countries in this region. A methodology has been developed for quantitative and qualitative ranking and estimates of relationship among multidimensional objects on the base of such analysis. The knowledge has been discovered in four databases: two databases of European Commission (EC) containing data on the RTD activities, databases of USA CIA and The World bank containing economic and social data. Data mining has been performed by means of visual cluster analysis (using the non-linear Sammon's mapping and Kohonen's artificial neural network – the self-organising map), regression analysis and non-linear ranking (using graphs of domination). The results on clustering of the Central European countries and on the relations among RTD parameters with economic and social parameters are obtained. In addition, the data served for testing various features of realisation of the self-organising map. The integration of non-classical methods (the self-organising map and graphs of domination) with classical ones (regress analysis and Sammon' mapping) increases the capacity of visual analysis and allows making more complete conclusions.

A multiextremal problem on the synthesis of external circuit of a tunable subnanosecond pulse TRAPATT-generator was investigated using algorithms of local optimization and cluster analysis.