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Informatica


Implementation of an Enhanced MPF-Based Block Cipher to Encrypt Digital Images
Volume 36, Issue 4 (2025), pp. 1013–1035
Pub. online: 17 November 2025      Type: Research Article      Open accessOpen Access
Received
1 June 2025
Accepted
1 October 2025
Published
17 November 2025

Abstract

In this paper, we present an enhanced version of a previously published symmetric block cipher implemented for the encryption of digital images. We introduce an additional step of using Arnold’s cat map prior to encryption to improve its quality. After inspecting the statistical characteristics of the ciphertexts for the electronic codebook (ECB) and cipher block chaining (CBC) modes, we found that with this additional step, our schemes produce high entropy ciphertexts for both regular and monochromatic images. Therefore, the results obtained in this paper show that our schemes are indifferent to the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cipher. Moreover, due to an effective parallelization of matrix operations, we think that our proposal can be executed reasonably fast.

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Biographies

Zitkevicius Jokubas
jokubas.zitkevicius@mif.stud.vu.lt

J. Zitkevicius obtained a bachelor’s degree in applied mathematics at Kaunas University of Technology in 2025. He is a member of Identification and Cryptography Research Group and performs investigations in symmetric and asymmetric cryptography.

Mihalkovich Aleksejus
aleksejus.michalkovic@ktu.lt

A. Mihalkovich obtained his PhD in 2015 and is currently an associate professor at the Department of Applied Mathematics at Kaunas University of Technology. He is a member of Identification and Cryptography Research Group and performs various investigations in symmetric and asymmetric cryptography.

Sakalauskas Eligijus
eligijus.sakalauskas@ktu.lt

E. Sakalauskas is currently a full professor at the Department of Applied Mathematics at Kaunas University of Technology. He is the head of Identification and Cryptography Research Group and performs various investigations in symmetric and asymmetric cryptography.


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© 2025 Vilnius University
Open access article under the CC BY license.

Keywords
non-commutative cryptography symmetric encryption statistical analysis

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