A Steganographic Scheme Based on Perfect Coverings of Dichotomous Shares with Sparse Observation Windows
Pub. online: 27 October 2025
Type: Research Article
Open Access
Open Access
Received
1 April 2025
1 April 2025
Accepted
1 October 2025
1 October 2025
Published
27 October 2025
27 October 2025
Abstract
A steganographic scheme based on perfect coverings of dichotomous shares with sparse observation windows is presented in this paper. The manipulations with pixels are based on the number of different colours in the sparse cells of the current observation window. The conditions for the existence of perfect coverings for different architectures of sparse observation windows are derived. The number and distribution of active cells in the current observation window contribute to the additional security of the proposed scheme. This paper also provides performance measures, statistical features, and demonstrates the robustness of the proposed steganographic scheme.
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Biographies
Saunoriene Loreta
L. Saunoriene received the PhD degree from Kaunas University of Technology in 2007. Since 2011, she has been an associate professor at the Department of Mathematical Modelling at Kaunas University of Technology. Her research interests focus on the analysis and modelling of nonlinear systems.
Ragulskiene Jurate
J. Ragulskiene received the PhD degree from Lithuanian University of Agricultural Sciences and since 2010 she has been an associate professor at the Department of Mathematical Modelling at Kaunas University of Technology. Her research interests are focused on numerical algorithms and simulations.
Saunoris Marius
M. Saunoris received the PhD degree from Kaunas University of Technology in 2007. Since 2009, he has been an associate professor at the Department of Electronics Engineering at Kaunas University of Technology. His research interests include computer simulation and signal processing techniques.
Ragulskis Minvydas
M. Ragulskis received the PhD degree from Kaunas University of Technology and since 2005 he has been a full professor at the Department of Mathematical Modelling at Kaunas University of Technology. His research interests are focused on nonlinear and complex systems.
