1. Home
  2. Issues
  3. Volume 29, Issue 4 (2018)
  4. LBCH: Load Balancing Cluster Head Protoc ...

Informatica


LBCH: Load Balancing Cluster Head Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Volume 29, Issue 4 (2018), pp. 633–650
Pub. online: 1 January 2018      Type: Research Article      Open accessOpen Access
Received
1 May 2018
Accepted
1 October 2018
Published
1 January 2018

Abstract

In recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) received great attention because of their important applications in many areas. Consequently, a need for improving their performance and efficiency, especially in energy awareness, is of a great interest. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a lifetime improvement fixed clustering energy awareness routing protocol for WSNs named Load Balancing Cluster Head (LBCH) protocol. LBCH mainly aims at reducing the energy consumption in the network and balancing the workload over all nodes within the network. A novel method for selecting initial cluster heads (CHs) is proposed. In addition, the network nodes are evenly distributed into clusters to build balanced size clusters. Finally, a novel scheme is proposed to circulate the role of CHs depending on the energy and location information of each node in each cluster. Multihop technique is used to minimize the communication distance between CHs and the base station (BS) thus saving nodes energy. In order to evaluate the performance of LBCH, a thorough simulation has been conducted and the results are compared with other related protocols (i.e. ACBEC-WSNs-CD, Adaptive LEACH-F, LEACH-F, and RRCH). The simulations showed that LBCH overcomes other related protocols for both continuous data and event-based data models at different network densities. LBCH achieved an average improvement in the range of 2–172%, 18–145.5%, 10.18–62%, 63–82.5% over the compared protocols in terms of number of alive nodes, first node died (FND), network throughput, and load balancing, respectively.

References

 
Al-Zubi, R.T., Abedsalam, N., Atieh, A., Darabkh, K.A. (2018). Lifetime-improvement routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals, and Devices (SSD’18). Hammamet, Tunisia.
 
Awan, K.M., Ali, A., Aadil, F., Qureshi, K.N. (2018). Energy efficient cluster based routing algorithm for wireless sensors networks. In: Proceedings of 2018 International Conference on Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICACS), Lahore, Pakistan, pp. 1–7.
 
Azim, A., Islam, M.M. (2012). A relay node based hybrid low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy for wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Energy, Information and Communications, 3(3), 41–54.
 
Baek, J., An, S.K., Fisher, P. (2010). Dynamic cluster header selection and conditional re-clustering for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 56(4), 2249–2257.
 
Barolli, A., Sakamoto, S., Oda, T., Spaho, E., Ikeda, M., Barolli, L. (2016). Performance evaluation of WMN-GA system in node placement in WMNs for different distributions of mesh clients and different selection and mutation operators. Informatica, 27(3), 489–502.
 
Darabkh, K.A., Al-Jdayeh, L. (2018). A new fixed clustering based algorithm for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC 2018), Limassol, Cyprus.
 
Darabkh, K.A., Alsaraireh, N.R. (2018). A yet efficient target tracking algorithm in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE Multi-conference on Systems, Signals, and Devices (SSD’18). Hammamet, Tunisia.
 
Darabkh, K.A., Muqat, R.Z. (2018). An efficient protocol for minimizing long-distance communications over wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals, and Devices (SSD’18). Hammamet, Tunisia.
 
Darabkh, K.A., Zomot, J.N. (2018). An improved cluster head selection algorithm for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC 2018), Limassol, Cyprus.
 
Darabkh, K.A., Ibeid, H., Jafar, I.F., Al-Zubi, R.T. (2016). A generic buffer occupancy expression for stop-and-wait hybrid automatic repeat request protocol over unstable channels. Telecommunication Systems, 63(2), 205–221.
 
Darabkh, K.A., Albtoush, W.Y., Jafar, I.F. (2017a). Improved clustering algorithms for target tracking in wireless sensor networks. Journal of Supercomputing, 73(5), 1952–1977.
 
Darabkh, K.A., Al-Rawashdeh, W.S., Al-Zubi, R.T., Alnabelsi, S.H. (2017b). A new cluster head replacement protocol for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of 2017 IEEE European Conference on Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Bern, Switzerland.
 
Darabkh, K., Al-Maaitah, N., Jafar, I., Khalifeh, A. (2017c). Energy efficient clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of 2017 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET 2017), Chennai, India.
 
Darabkh, K.A., Al-Maaitah, N.J., Jafar, I.F., Khalifeh, A.F. (2017d). EA-CRP: a novel energy-aware clustering and routing protocol in wireless sensor networks. Computers and Electrical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2017.11.017.
 
Darabkh, K.A., Al-Rawashdeh, W.S., Al-Zubi, Alnabelsi S. H, R.T. (2017e). C-DTB-CHR: centralized density- and threshold-based cluster head replacement protocols for wireless sensor networks. Journal of Supercomputing, 73(12), 5332–5353.
 
Darabkh, K.A., Al-Rawashdeh, W.S., Hawa, M., Saifan, R., Khalifeh, A.F. (2017f). A novel clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of 2017 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET 2017), Chennai, India.
 
Darabkh, K.A., Al-Rawashdeh, W.S., Hawa, M., Saifan, R. (2018). MT-CHR: a modified threshold-based cluster head replacement protocol for wireless sensor networks. Computers and Electrical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2018.01.032.
 
Darabkh, K.A., El-Yabroudi, M.Z., El-Mousa, A.H. (2019). BPA-CRP: a balanced power-aware clustering and routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 82, 155–171.
 
Heinzelman, W.B. (2000). Application-Specific Protocol Architectures for Wireless Networks. PhD dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.
 
Heinzelman, W., Chandrakasan, A., Balakrishnan, H. (2000). Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, USA, pp. 1567–1576.
 
Hong, J., Kook, J., Lee, S., Kwon, D., Yi, S. (2009). T-LEACH: the method of threshold-based cluster head replacement for wireless sensor networks. Information Systems Frontiers, 11, 513–521.
 
Ismail, S.S., Al Khader, A.I., Darabkh, K.A. (2015). Static clustering for target tracking in wireless sensor networks. Global Journal on Technology (Selected Paper of COMENG–2014), 8, 167–173.
 
Kang, S.H., Nguyen, T. (2012). Distance based thresholds for cluster head selection in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Communications Letters, 16(9), 1396–1399.
 
Khalifeh, A.F., AlQudah, M., Darabkh, K.A. (2017). Optimizing the beacon and superframe orders in IEEE 802.15.4 for real-time notification in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of 2017 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET 2017), Chennai, India.
 
Matrouk, K., Landfekdt, B. (2009). RETT-gen: a globally efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks by equalizing sensor energy and avoiding energy holes. Computer Communications, 7(3), 514–536.
 
Nam, D.-H., Min, H.-K. (2007). An energy-efficient clustering using a round-robin method in a wireless sensor network. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management & Applications (SERA 2007).
 
Parwekar, P. (2014). Comparative study of hierarchical based routing protocols: wireless sensor networks. In: Satapathy, S.C., Avadhani, P.S., Udgata, S.K., Lakshminarayana, S. (Eds.), ICT and Critical Infrastructure: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Convention of Computer Society of India – Vol I, Series of Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 282. Springer, pp. 277–285.
 
Sung, W.-T., Hsiao, C.-L. (2013). IHPG algorithm for efficient information fusion in multi-sensor network via smoothing parameter optimization. Informatica, 24(2), 291–313.
 
Vu, T., Nguyen, V., Nguyen, H. (2014). An energy-aware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks based on K-means clustering. In: Zelinka, I., Duy, V.H., Cha, J. (Eds.), AETA 2013: Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering and Related Sciences, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Vol. 282. Springer, pp. 297–306.
 
Yaseen, H.A., Alsalamin, M., Jarwan, A., Al-Mistarihi, M.F., Darabkh, K.A. (2018). A secure energy-aware adaptive watermarking system for wireless image sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals, and Devices (SSD’18). Hammamet, Tunisia.

Biographies

Al-Zubi Raed T.
r.alzubi@ju.edu.jo

R.T. Al-Zubi received PhD degree in electrical and computer engineering from University of Arizona-USA, in 2010. His current research interests include system architecture and communication protocol designs for wireless networks.

Abedsalam Noor
a.atieh@ju.edu.jo

N. Abedsalam received MSc degree in electrical engineering/communications from the University of Jordan-Jordan in 2017. Her current research interests include mainly wireless communications.

Atieh Ahmad
k.darabkeh@ju.edu.jo

A. Atieh received his PhD in electrical engineering from the University of Ottawa, in 1997. His fields of expertise are in optical fiber telecommunication systems, nonlinear optics, and optical amplifiers.

Darabkh Khalid A.
eng.noor-abedsalam@hotmail.com

K.A. Darabkh received the PhD degree in computer engineering from the University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA, in 2007 with honors. He has joined the Computer Engineering Department at the University of Jordan as an assistant professor since 2007 and has been a tenured fulltime professor since 2016. He is engaged in research mainly on wireless sensor networks, queuing systems and networks, multimedia transmission, and steganography and watermarking. He authored and co-authored at least a hundred research articles and served as a reviewer of many scientific journals and international conferences. Prof. Darabkh is the recipient of 2016 Ali Mango Distinguished Researcher Reward for Scientific Colleges and Research Centers in Jordan. He serves on the editorial board of Telecommunication Systems, published by Springer, Computer Applications in Engineering Education, published by John Wiley & Sons, and Journal of High Speed Networks, published by IOS Press. Additionally, he serves as a TPC member of many reputable IEEE conferences such as GLOBECOM, LCN, VTC-Fall, PIMRC, ISWCS, and IAEAC. Moreover, he is a member of many professional and honorary societies, including Eta Kappa Nu, Tau Beta Pi, Phi Kappa Phi, and Sigma XI.


Full article Related articles Cited by PDF XML
Full article Related articles Cited by PDF XML

Copyright
© 2018 Vilnius University
Open access article under the CC BY license.

Keywords
wireless sensor networks data aggregation clustering

Metrics
since January 2020
1107

Article info
views

 721

Full article
views
548

PDF
downloads

 230

XML
downloads


Share


RSS