Informatica

This paper considers the problem of likelihood ratio determination for recognition of the stochastic processes with continuous time on the set continuous and discrete time memory observations. The research of memory influence on the detection quality of anomalous noises in the discrete channel observation with applying the general obtained results is realized for the one particular problem.

The paper deals with the analysis of Research and Technology Development (RTD) in the Central European countries and the relation of RTD with economic and social parameters of countries in this region. A methodology has been developed for quantitative and qualitative ranking and estimates of relationship among multidimensional objects on the base of such analysis. The knowledge has been discovered in four databases: two databases of European Commission (EC) containing data on the RTD activities, databases of USA CIA and The World bank containing economic and social data. Data mining has been performed by means of visual cluster analysis (using the non-linear Sammon's mapping and Kohonen's artificial neural network – the self-organising map), regression analysis and non-linear ranking (using graphs of domination). The results on clustering of the Central European countries and on the relations among RTD parameters with economic and social parameters are obtained. In addition, the data served for testing various features of realisation of the self-organising map. The integration of non-classical methods (the self-organising map and graphs of domination) with classical ones (regress analysis and Sammon' mapping) increases the capacity of visual analysis and allows making more complete conclusions.

One of the main problems in pattern classification and neural network training theory is the generalization performance of learning. This paper extends the results on randomized linear zero empirical error (RLZEE) classifier obtained by Raudys, Dičiūnas and Basalykas for the case of centered multivariate spherical normal classes. We derive an exact formula for an expected probability of misclassification (PMC) of RLZEE classifier in a case of arbitrary (centered or non-centered) spherical normal classes. This formula depends on two parameters characterizing the “degree of non-centering” of data. We discuss theoretically and illustrate graphically and numerically the influence of these parameters on the PMC of RLZEE classifier. In particular, we show that in some cases non-centered data has smaller expected PMC than centered data.

The paper deals with a flow distribution problem with a piecewise-linear cost function. The problem is formulated as a piecewise-linear programming problem which is not separable with respect to separate variable group. The method for solving this problem is based on the extension of the idea of the simplex method to the class of non-separable piecewise-linear problems. It secures finding of a local solution to the problem after a finite number of iterations. The method uses the peculiarities of the problem constraints that make it possible to decompose the matrix of constraints to smaller ones and thus to diminish the volume of calculations.

A lot of data had to be processed and evaluated in carrying out multivariant design and multiple criteria analysis of a building life cycle. The number of feasible alternatives can be as large as 100 000. Each of the alternatives may be described from various perspectives (economic, technical, qualitative, technological, social, legislative, infrastructural, etc.). The problem arises how to perform multivariant design and multiple criteria analysis of the alternative variants based on this enormous amount of information. To solve this problem the methods of multivariant design and multiple criteria building life cycle analysis were developed. In order to demonstrate the theory an example is given in this paper.

In this paper it is outlined the methodology of the model MIREM (Multicriteria Industrial and Regional Economic Model) as the empirical framework for the implementation of an industrial policy in the CEECs countries aspiring to enter the European Union. Its epistemological foundations are taken from M. Porter Theory of Competitive Advantage and B. Balassa Theory of Economic Integration and focus mainly on the competitiveness concept.

The aim of the work is to chose the best heating system for a museum building. The paper presents the criteria describing this problem. The three technically acceptable heating systems have been identified. The method allowing for the multi-criterion analysis has been selected with the assumption that the final result will be a final ranking of all alternatives. The ELECTRE III method has been chosen. This method helped to solve the problem of pointing at the best heating system.

Ex ante decision analysis has other problems than ex post analysis. One of the problems is the nature of the value system of the deciding person. Mostly, it will contain different values (criteria, points of view) which are not reducible to one measure. These cases of incommensurability are one reason for the incomparability of the decision options. There are other reasons why it seems highly unrealistic that we may assume the comparability of options as a general case for a rational decision maker.