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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">INFORMATICA</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Informatica</journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">0868-4952</issn><issn pub-type="ppub">0868-4952</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>VU</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">INFO1106</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15388/Informatica.2016.105</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Corpus-Based Hidden Markov Modelling of the Fundamental Frequency of Lithuanian</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="Author">
<name><surname>Vaičiūnas</surname><given-names>Airenas</given-names></name><email xlink:href="mailto:airenass@gmail.com">airenass@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFORMATICA_aff_000"/><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="Author">
<name><surname>Raškinis</surname><given-names>Gailius</given-names></name><email xlink:href="mailto:g.raskinis@if.vdu.lt">g.raskinis@if.vdu.lt</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFORMATICA_aff_000"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="Author">
<name><surname>Kazlauskienė</surname><given-names>Asta</given-names></name><email xlink:href="mailto:a.kazlauskiene@hmf.vdu.lt">a.kazlauskiene@hmf.vdu.lt</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFORMATICA_aff_000"/>
</contrib>
<aff id="j_INFORMATICA_aff_000">Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio g. 58, LT-44248, Kaunas, Lithuania</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>Corresponding author.</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>673</fpage><lpage>688</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>01</day><month>03</month> <year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>01</day><month>11</month> <year>2015</year></date></history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Vilnius University</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year></permissions>
<abstract>
<p>This paper presents the corpus-driven approach in building the computational model of fundamental frequency, or <inline-formula><mml:math id="math001">
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<mml:mi mathvariant="italic">F</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula>, for Lithuanian language. The model was obtained by training the HMM-based speech synthesis system HTS on six hours of speech coming from multiple speakers. Several gender specific models, using different parameters and different contextual factors, were investigated. The models were evaluated by synthesizing <inline-formula><mml:math id="math002">
<mml:msub>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi mathvariant="italic">F</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
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</mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula> contours and by comparing them to the original <inline-formula><mml:math id="math003">
<mml:msub>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi mathvariant="italic">F</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
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<mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
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</mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula> contours using criteria of root mean square error (RMSE) and voicing classification error. The HMM-based models showed an improvement of the RMSE over the mean-based model that predicted <inline-formula><mml:math id="math004">
<mml:msub>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi mathvariant="italic">F</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
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<mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula> of the vowel on the basis of its average normalized pitch.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<label>Keywords</label>
<kwd>HMM-based synthesis</kwd>
<kwd>statistical parametric speech synthesis</kwd>
<kwd><italic>F</italic><sub>0</sub> modelling</kwd>
<kwd>intonation modelling</kwd>
<kwd>text-to-speech systems</kwd>
<kwd>HTS</kwd>
<kwd>Lithuanian language</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>
