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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">INFORMATICA</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Informatica</journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">1822-8844</issn>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0868-4952</issn>
			<issn-l>0868-4952</issn-l>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Vilnius University Institute of Mathematics and Informatics</publisher-name>
				<publisher-loc>Akademijos 4, LT-08663 Vilnius, Lithuania</publisher-loc>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">INFO588</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15388/Informatica.2005.098</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Research Article</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>An Improved Conference-Key Agreement Protocol with Forward Secrecy</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Tseng</surname>
						<given-names>Yuh-Min</given-names>
					</name>
					<email xlink:href="mailto:tymy@ms45.hinet.net">tymy@ms45.hinet.net</email>
					<email xlink:href="mailto:ymtseng@cc.ncue.edu.tw">ymtseng@cc.ncue.edu.tw</email>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_info588_aff_001"/>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="j_info588_aff_001">Department of Mathematics, <institution>National Changhua University of Education</institution>, Jin-De Campus, Chang-Hua City, Taiwan 500, <country>R.O.C.</country>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
				<year>2005</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>16</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<fpage>275</fpage>
			<lpage>284</lpage>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>1</day>
					<month>7</month>
					<year>2004</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<copyright-statement>© 2005 Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Vilnius</copyright-statement>
				<copyright-year>2005</copyright-year>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
					<license-p>Open access article under the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY</ext-link> license.</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<p>Recently, Tzeng proposed a provably secure and fault-tolerant conference-key agreement protocol. It requires only a constant number of rounds to establish a conference key among all honest participants. This article will show that Tzeng’s protocol does not offer forward secrecy. We say that a conference-key agreement protocol offers forward secrecy if the long-term secret key of any participant is compromised and will not result in the compromise of the previously established conference keys. This property is important and has been included in most key agreement protocols and standards. In this paper, an improvement based on Tzeng’s protocol is proposed and it achieves forward secrecy. Under the Diffie–Hellman decision problem assumption and the random oracle model, we show that the proposed protocol can withstand passive attacks and is secure against impersonator’s attacks. The improved protocol requires a constant number of rounds to compute a conference key. The improved protocol provides fault-tolerance.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group>
				<label>Key words</label>
				<kwd>forward secrecy</kwd>
				<kwd>fault tolerant</kwd>
				<kwd>key agreement</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<funding-group>
				<award-group>
					<funding-source xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001868">National Science Council, Taiwan</funding-source>
					<award-id>NSC92-2213-E-018-014</award-id>
				</award-group>
				<funding-statement>This research was partially supported by National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C., under contract no. NSC92-2213-E-018-014. </funding-statement>
			</funding-group>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
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