The main approach to improve the computer performance by enhancing the operating speed of transistors, used in modern computer technology, are reviewed. The qualitative enhance of the transistor operating speed could be realized by using semiconductor materials with the higher than in silicon electron mobility (such as GaAs, InGaAs) and by decreasing the size of transistors until nanometric dimensions. That opens the way to design computers with the operating speed larger than 10 billion operations per second.